|
The Yugoslav monitor ''Sava'' was a ''Temes''-class river monitor built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy as SMS ''Bodrog''. She fired the first shots of World War I on the night of 28 July 1914, when she and two other monitors shelled Serbian defences near Belgrade. During World War I she was part of the Danube Flotilla, and fought the Serbian and Romanian armies from Belgrade to the mouth of the Danube. In the closing stages of the war, she was the last monitor to withdraw towards Budapest, but was captured by the Serbs when she grounded on a sandbank downstream from Belgrade. After the war, she was transferred to the newly created Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia), and renamed ''Sava''. During the German-led Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, she served with the 1st Monitor Division. Along with her fellow monitor , she laid mines in the Danube near the Romanian border during the first few days of the invasion. The two monitors fought off several attacks by the ''Luftwaffe'', but were forced to withdraw to Belgrade. Due to high river levels and low bridges, navigation was difficult, and ''Sava'' was scuttled by her crew on 11 April. Some of her crew tried to escape cross-country towards the southern Adriatic coast, but most were obliged to surrender on 14 April. The remainder made their way to the Bay of Kotor, which was captured by the Italian XVII Corps on 17 April. ''Sava'' was later raised by the navy of the Axis puppet state known as the Independent State of Croatia and continued to serve as ''Sava'' until the night of 8 September 1944 when she was again scuttled. Following World War II, ''Sava'' was raised once again, and was refurbished to serve in the Yugoslav Navy from 1952 to 1962. She was then transferred to a state-owned company which was eventually privatised. , ''Sava'' was still in service as a gravel barge. In 2005, the government of Serbia granted her limited heritage protection after citizens demanded that she be preserved as a floating museum, but little else has been done to restore her. ==Description and construction== A ''Temes''-class river monitor, the ship was built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy by H. Schönichen and originally named SMS ''Bodrog''. She was laid down at Neupest in 1903, and like her sister ship , had an overall length of , a beam of , and a normal draught of . Her standard displacement was , and her crew consisted of 86 officers and enlisted men. ''Bodrog'' had two triple-expansion steam engines, each driving a single propeller shaft. Steam was provided by two Yarrow water-tube boilers, and her engines were rated at . As designed, she had a maximum speed of , and carried of coal. ''Bodrog'' was armed with two single gun turrets of L/35 guns, a single L/10 howitzer, a single L/18 gun, and three machine guns. The maximum range of her Škoda L/35 guns was , and her howitzer could fire its shells a maximum of . Her armour consisted of belt, bulkheads and gun turrets thick and deck armour thick. Her conning tower was thick. ''Bodrog'' was launched on 12 April 1904 and completed on 10 November 1904. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Yugoslav monitor Sava」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|